New Books in Early Modern History

Panel painters in both the middle ages and the fifteenth century created works that evoke the luster of precious stones, the sheen of polished gold and silver, and the colorful radiance of stained glass. Yet their approaches to rendering these materials were markedly different. In The Varnish and the Glaze: Painting Splendor with Oil, 1100–1500 (U Chicago Press, 2023), Dr. Marjolijn Bol explores some of the reasons behind this radical transformation by telling the history of the two oil painting techniques used to depict everything that glistens and glows—varnish and glaze.

For more than a century after his death, the fifteenth-century painter Jan van Eyck was widely credited with inventing varnish and oil paint, on account of his unique visual realism. Once this was revealed to be a myth, the verisimilitude of his work was attributed instead to a new translucent painting technique: the glaze. Today, most theories about how Van Eyck achieved this realism revolve around the idea that he was the first to discover or refine the glazing technique. Bol, however, argues that, rather than being a fifteenth-century refinement, varnishing and glazing began centuries before. Drawing from an extensive body of recipes, Dr. Bol pieces together how varnishes and glazes were first developed as part of the medieval art of material mimesis. Artisans embellished metalwork and wood with varnishes and glazes to imitate gold and gems; infused rock crystal with oil, resin, and colorants to imitate more precious minerals; and oiled parchment to transform it into the appearance of green glass. Likewise, medieval panel painters used varnishes and glazes to create the look of enamel, silk, and more.

The explorations of materials and their optical properties by these artists stimulated natural philosophers to come up with theories about transparent and translucent materials produced by the earth. Natural historians, influenced by medieval artists’ understanding of refraction and reflection, developed theories about gems, their creation, and their optical qualities.

This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose book focuses on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars. You can find Miranda’s interviews on New Books with Miranda Melcher, wherever you get your podcasts.
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Erin Maglaque's new book Presence: A Hidden History of the Female Body (Astra House, 2026), is a work of early modern history and an account of what it is like to study the past as an embodied person. Having been trained as to disregard the physical self when writing history, Maglaque's worldview completely shifted following the birth of her child. What might it mean to instead, "find a way to write that flowed from the body?" Presence is her answer. The book draws from a vast array of archival and printed sources to illustrate the realities of women's physical experiences in early modern Europe, from eating, pregnancy, abortion, birth, nursing, sleeping, working, and dying. Maglaque intersperses her historical narrative with personal accounts, demonstrating the ways in which studying the past can impact our lives today. For anyone interested in women's history, the history of labor, early modern health and medicine, or simply the purpose and potential of historical study, Presence is the book to read.

Erin Maglaque is a historian of early modern Europe and gender. She teaches at Durham University and writes for publications including the London Review of Books, The New York Review of Books, and The New York Times Book Review.

Elspeth Currie is a PhD Candidate in the Department of History at Boston College where she studies women’s intellectual history in early modern Europe. Learn more here
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Romanticism made Scotland famous. It critically shaped the course of
Scottish culture, while impacting on cultures elsewhere and inaugurating
the country’s still-flourishing
and lucrative tourist industry. This book is about Edinburgh’s most
emblematic architecture over the long 19th century: the castellated and
stone built
cityscape of national revivalist architecture. It reveals why Scotland
had by the 1820s become one of Europe’s great centres of Romanticism,
due both to the majestic Highlands, and to Edinburgh itself as city of
Romanticism. Additionally, Edinburgh developed as the main centre and
hub for travellers drawn to Romantic Scotland through the work of James
‘Ossian’ Macpherson and Sir Walter Scott: visitors including Schinkel,
Mozart, Verne, Turner, Haydn, amongst innumerable others.

Edinburgh: City of Romanticism
(Lund Humphries, 2026) by Dr. Aonghus MacKechnie also provides a
long-overdue counterbalance to the contrastingly much-examined and
much-published topic of Enlightenment Edinburgh, showing how this and
Romantic Edinburgh have comfortably co-existed. It examines how
Edinburgh’s Romanticism was similarly driven by intellectuals, amongst
whom were Enlightenment figures and artistically talented individuals,
and it discusses the legacy of those who contributed to the Romantic
cityscape of today; an architecture that provides much of the character
of the UNESCO-designated World Heritage Site and of the city that
countless tourists come daily to see.

This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose book
focuses on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty
negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative
analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars. You can find
Miranda’s interviews on New Books with Miranda Melcher, wherever you get your podcasts. 
Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

After mounting London’s outdoor pulpit known as St. Paul’s Cross on
8th December, 1588, Anthony Tyrrell found himself perched before a
skeptical audience. He stood in the shadow of St. Paul’s Cathedral to
declare his recantation of Catholicism and return to England’s official
Protestant Church. The trouble was he had been there before – in January
of the same year, in fact – to do the same thing. On that occasion,
however, he had shocked on-lookers by delivering an anti-Protestant
tirade instead of his promised recantation. How could Tyrrell, a serial
convert, who eventually changed church affiliation as many as ten times,
overcome the doubts of his suspicious audience? Tyrrell and similar
converts who made multiple conversions understandably aroused suspicions
of hypocrisy that made the performative character of public recantation
troublingly evident. Yet as Holly Pickett argues in The Drama of Serial Conversion in Early Modern England (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2024), these performative elements are actually indispensable to any conversion, whether an individual’s first or fifteenth.

Serial
converts served as uncomfortable reminders to their contemporaries that
religious identity is always unverifiable. The first study to explore
serial conversion as a discrete phenomenon in this era, The Drama of Serial Conversion in Early Modern England challenges
confessional divisions within much early modern historiography by
analyzing the surprising convergence of Protestant and Catholic in the
figure of the serial convert. It also reveals a neglected strain of
religious discourse in early modern England that valued mutability and
flexibility even in the midst of hardening and increasingly narrow
understandings of conversion.

Michael Shaw is a PhD student in Historical Theology at Union
College, Belfast, and a Visiting Tutor at the Irish Baptist College. His
research focuses on the thought of the Independent Puritan theologian
Jeremiah Burroughs (1599–1646). His primary research interests lie in
historical theology, particularly early modern Baptist and
Congregationalist theology and ecclesiology. He also serves as the
Associate Pastor at Strandtown Baptist Church, Belfast.
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Mexico City was America's largest city in the seventeenth century – a genuine metropolis. In American Metropolis: The Making of Mexico City (Cambridge University Press, 2026), Dr. Tatiana Seijas reveals a rich tapestry of stories about essential workers who remade and transformed the city during this period. Her narrative style carries readers to a unique place and time with residents from around the world who sold food, facilitated transportation, provided care, and valued the city's silver. Free and enslaved people from Africa and Asia, immigrants, and Native Americans pursued opportunities in a wealthy, yet deeply unequal environment, where working people claimed parts of the city for themselves. They carved out spaces to create new businesses and protect their livelihoods, altering the cityscape itself in the process. American Metropolis brings Mexico City to life from the perspective of the working people who transformed this early modern metropolis.

This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose book focuses on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars. You can find Miranda’s interviews on New Books with Miranda Melcher, wherever you get your podcasts.
Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices