Nik talks Michael through a recent benchmark he worked with Maxim Boguk on, to see how quickly they could provision a replica. Here are some links to things they mentioned:Ultra-fast replica creation with pgBackRest (blog post by Maxim Boguk and Nik) https://postgres.ai/blog/20251105-postgres-marathon-2-012-ultra-fast-replica-creation-pgbackrestCopying a database episode https://postgres.fm/episodes/copying-a-databaseAdd snapshot backup support for PostgreSQL in wal-g (draft PR by Andrey Borodin) https://github.com/wal-g/wal-g/pull/2101Multi-threaded pg_basebackup discussion 1: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAEHH7R4%3D_GN%2BLSsj0YZOXZ13yc%3DGk9umJOLNopjS%3DimK0c1mWA%40mail.gmail.comMulti-threaded pg_basebackup discussion 2: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/io_method https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-resource.html#GUC-IO-METHOD pgBackRest https://github.com/pgbackrest/pgbackrestAdd sequence synchronization for logical replication (commit) https://git.postgresql.org/gitweb/?p=postgresql.git;a=commit;h=5509055d6956745532e65ab218e15b99d87d66ce Allow process priority to be set (pgBackRest feature added by David Steele) https://github.com/pgbackrest/pgbackrest/pull/2693 Hard limit on process-max (pgBackRest issue from 2019) https://github.com/pgbackrest/pgbackrest/issues/696 ~~~What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc!~~~Postgres FM is produced by:Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustardNikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.aiWith credit to:Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork
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38:47
Gapless sequences
Nik and Michael discuss the concept of gapless sequences — when you might want one, why sequences in Postgres can have gaps, and an idea or two if you do want them.And one quick clarification: changing the CACHE option in CREATE SEQUENCE can lead to even more gaps, the docs mention it explicitly. Here are some links to things they mentioned:CREATE SEQUENCE https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createsequence.htmlSequence Manipulation Functions https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/functions-sequence.htmlOne, Two, Skip a Few (post by Pete Hamilton from Incident io) https://incident.io/blog/one-two-skip-a-fewPostgres sequences can commit out-of-order (blog post by Anthony Accomazzo / Sequin) https://blog.sequinstream.com/postgres-sequences-can-commit-out-of-orderLogical Replication of sequences (hackers thread) https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAA4eK1LC%2BKJiAkSrpE_NwvNdidw9F2os7GERUeSxSKv71gXysQ%40mail.gmail.comSynchronization of sequences to subscriber (patch entry in commitfest) https://commitfest.postgresql.org/patch/5111/Get or Create (episode with Haki Benita) https://postgres.fm/episodes/get-or-createGerman tank problem https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_tank_problem~~~What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc!~~~Postgres FM is produced by:Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustardNikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.aiWith credit to:Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork
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LWLocks
Nik and Michael discuss lightweight locks in Postgres — how they differ to (heavier) locks, some occasions they can be troublesome, and some resources for working out what to do if you hit issues. Here are some links to things they mentioned:Wait Events of Type LWLock https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/monitoring-stats.html#WAIT-EVENT-LWLOCK-TABLEOur episode on (heavier) locks https://postgres.fm/episodes/locksNik’s new marathon posts https://postgres.ai/blog/tags/postgres-marathonPostgres LISTEN/NOTIFY does not scale (blog post by Recall ai) https://www.recall.ai/blog/postgres-listen-notify-does-not-scaleExplicit Locking https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/explicit-locking.htmlpg_stat_activity https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEWTuning with wait events for RDS for PostgreSQL https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/PostgreSQL.Tuning.htmlMultiXact member exhaustion incidents (blog post by Cosmo Wolfe / Metronome) https://metronome.com/blog/root-cause-analysis-postgresql-multixact-member-exhaustion-incidents-may-2025pg_index_pilot https://gitlab.com/postgres-ai/pg_index_pilotMyths and Truths about Synchronous Replication in PostgreSQL (talk by Alexander Kukushkin) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PFn9qRGzTMcPostgres Indexes, Partitioning and LWLock:LockManager Scalability (blog post by Jeremy Schneider) https://ardentperf.com /2024/03/03/postgres-indexes-partitioning-and-lwlocklockmanager-scalability~~~What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc!~~~Postgres FM is produced by:Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustardNikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.aiWith credit to:Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork
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User management
Nik and Michael discuss user management in Postgres — how roles work, making administration easier, setting passwords, and avoiding them being logged. Here are some links to things they mentioned:Roles https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/user-manag.html Privileges https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/ddl-priv.htmlALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-alterdefaultprivileges.htmlGRANT https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-grant.htmlREASSIGN OWNED https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-reassign-owned.htmlALTER ROLE (including SET) https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-alterrole.html CREATE ROLE https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createrole.htmlHave I Been Pwned https://haveibeenpwned.comPwned Passwords API https://haveibeenpwned.com/API/v3#PwnedPasswordsCrunchy Data PostgreSQL Security Technical Implementation Guide (STIG) https://www.crunchydata.com/blog/announcing-the-crunchy-data-postgresql-stigOur episode on auditing https://postgres.fm/episodes/auditing~~~What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc!~~~Postgres FM is produced by:Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustardNikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.aiWith credit to:Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork
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Postgres 18
Nik and Michael discuss the newly released Postgres 18 — the bigger things it includes, some of their personal highlights, and some thoughts towards the future. Here are some links to things they mentioned:Postgres 18 announcement https://www.postgresql.org/about/news/postgresql-18-released-3142Postgres 18 release notes https://www.postgresql.org/docs/18/release-18.htmlSkip scan episode with Peter Geoghegan https://postgres.fm/episodes/skip-scanEasier Postgres fine-tuning with online_advisor https://neon.com/blog/easier-postgres-fine-tuning-with-online_advisorpganalyze Index Advisor https://pganalyze.com/index-advisorBUFFERS by default https://postgres.fm/episodes/buffers-by-defaultBuffers II (the sequel) https://postgres.fm/episodes/buffers-ii-the-sequelReturn of the BUFFERS https://postgres.fm/episodes/return-of-the-buffersUUID https://postgres.fm/episodes/uuidPartitioning by ULID https://postgres.fm/episodes/partitioning-by-uliduuidv7 and uuid_extract_timestamp functions https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/functions-uuid.htmlAdd --no-policies option to pg_dump, pg_dumpall, and pg_restore https://git.postgresql.org/gitweb/?p=postgresql.git;a=commitdiff;h=cd3c45125Add ONLY support for VACUUM and ANALYZE https://git.postgresql.org/gitweb/?p=postgresql.git;a=commitdiff;h=62ddf7ee9Make "vacuumdb --analyze-only" process partitioned tables (committed recently for Postgres 19) https://commitfest.postgresql.org/patch/5871/NOT VALID constraints https://postgres.fm/episodes/not-valid-constraintsThe year of the Lock Manager’s Revenge (post by Jeremy Schneider) https://ardentperf.com/2024/03/03/postgres-indexes-partitioning-and-lwlocklockmanager-scalabilityIncrease the number of fast-path lock slots https://git.postgresql.org/gitweb/?p=postgresql.git;a=commitdiff;h=c4d5cb71d"enable" parameters will work differently in Postgres 18 https://www.pgmustard.com/blog/enable-parameters-work-differently-in-postgres-18logerrors https://github.com/munakoiso/logerrors~~~What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc!~~~Postgres FM is produced by:Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustardNikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.aiWith credit to:Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork
Netherlands