The Greener Way

🌿 Can carbon recycling turn industrial emissions into profitable products?
❓ Question:
Can captured carbon dioxide be transformed into valuable commercial products, and could this help heavy industries such as cement, steel and mining accelerate their path to net zero while creating new business opportunities?
✅ Answer:
According to Sophia Hamblin Wang, co-founder and chief operating officer of MCi Carbon, carbon dioxide should no longer be viewed as a waste product. Instead, it can become a feedstock for new industrial materials, creating a commercial incentive for companies to capture emissions rather than release them into the atmosphere.
MCi Carbon was founded in 2013 to commercialise a process known as mineral carbonation, which permanently locks CO₂ into mineral products that can be used across industries including cement, plasterboard, refractories, paper and construction materials. The company's vision emerged from research highlighting mineral carbonation as a viable long-term carbon storage solution, but at the time there were few examples of the technology being deployed at scale.
🌟 A major milestone was recently achieved with the opening of what MCi Carbon describes as the world's first fully integrated carbon refinery in Newcastle. The demonstration facility can permanently store approximately 2,500 tonnes of CO₂ each year while producing around 10,000 tonnes of low-carbon materials for industrial use.
🚩 One challenge highlighted in the discussion is the ongoing uncertainty around climate policy frameworks. While governments and corporations have broadly committed to net zero by 2050, many of the regulatory mechanisms needed to support large-scale decarbonisation are still evolving. Carbon markets, emissions trading schemes and standards continue to develop across different jurisdictions, creating uncertainty for climate technology companies seeking to scale globally.
🚩 Another challenge is convincing industrial companies to adopt new technologies at scale. Heavy industries have traditionally faced limited commercially viable options for reducing emissions, particularly in sectors such as steel, cement and chemicals where emissions are difficult to eliminate. Success depends not only on environmental performance, but also on economics, operational integration and customer demand for lower-carbon materials.
🌟 One of MCi Carbon's differentiators is that its business model does not rely solely on carbon credits or emissions trading schemes. The company has designed its technology to generate revenue through the sale of valuable products created from captured CO₂. In some cases, customers are interested purely in removing emissions from their operations, leading to what Sophia describes as "carbon removal as a service".
🌟 The technology is also designed as a "bolt-on" solution that can be installed alongside existing industrial facilities. By locating operations close to major emitters, MCi Carbon can take captured CO₂ and convert it directly into useful materials, lowering barriers to adoption for industrial customers.
⚠️ Looking ahead, Sophia believes the next 18 months could be a pivotal period for industrial decarbonisation technologies. As pressure grows for heavy industries to reduce emissions and more governments establish climate transition frameworks, demand for commercially viable carbon utilisation technologies is expected to increase significantly. The company is also exploring opportunities linked to sustainable finance, including green bonds and infrastructure-style investment models.
💡 Why it matters:
Heavy industries account for a significant share of global greenhouse gas emissions, yet they remain among the hardest sectors to decarbonise. Technologies that can transform captured carbon into commercially valuable products offer a potentially powerful alternative to treating emissions solely as a compliance or waste-management problem. If successful, carbon recycling could help industries reduce emissions, unlock new revenue streams and accelerate progress towards net zero while creating entirely new markets for low-carbon materials.
🎙️ Sources:
• Sophia Hamblin Wang, co-founder and chief operating officer, MCi Carbon
• Michelle Baltazar, host, The Greener Way podcast
⏱️ Timestamps:
00:00 – Introduction to carbon recycling and industrial decarbonisation
01:30 – Why MCi Carbon was founded
04:15 – Building a carbon refinery in Australia
07:10 – Global investors and strategic partners
10:15 – Europe and Japan expansion plans
11:45 – Regulatory uncertainty and net-zero frameworks
13:00 – Carbon removal as a service explained
14:10 – Opportunities in steel, cement and heavy industry
15:15 – Future growth, green bonds and scaling commercial plants
16:00 – Why the next 18 months will be critical

🌿 We record on Gadigal Land and pay our respects to the traditional custodians of country and elders past and present.

This podcast uses the following third-party services for analysis:

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🤖 Can good AI governance help companies become long-term winners?

❓ Question:
How are Australian company boards approaching artificial intelligence, and can strong AI governance help companies create long-term value while managing emerging risks?
✅ Answer:
Artificial intelligence is rapidly becoming an investment issue rather than simply a technology issue. According to Sue Lyn Stubbs, associate director in sustainable investing at Fidelity International, investors are increasingly assessing not only whether companies are adopting AI, but how effectively boards are governing its implementation.
To better understand the state of AI governance in Australia, Fidelity engaged with 31 ASX-listed companies across sectors including financials, healthcare, technology and real estate. The research focused on five areas: strategy and value creation, board oversight and skills, risk and controls, governance and ethical AI, and workforce impacts.
One of the key findings was that many companies remain in the early stages of AI adoption. Fidelity's assessment framework, based on Microsoft's AI maturity model, required an additional category "Stage Zero" to classify companies that were not yet actively implementing AI. Most organisations currently sit between experimentation, pilot programs and early operational use.
🚩 One of the key governance red flags was a disconnect between executives and boards. In some cases, CEOs described ambitious AI strategies and extensive use cases, while boards appeared significantly more conservative in their understanding of AI opportunities. This mismatch raised questions about strategic alignment and whether AI investments were being directed effectively across the organisation.
🚩 Another concern was the absence of clearly defined "no-go" areas for AI. While many boards acknowledged potential risks, few could clearly articulate where AI should not be used, particularly in sensitive areas such as workforce surveillance or customer decision-making that could create biased outcomes. As AI becomes more embedded across organisations, investors are likely to expect stronger guardrails and clearer accountability.
🌟 Despite these challenges, the research highlighted several examples of emerging best practice. Leading companies are investing in AI talent, building internal capability, expanding workforce training and, in some cases, incorporating AI-related measures into employee incentive programs. Some companies are also engaging directly with regulators and policymakers on the future development of AI governance frameworks.
From an investment perspective, Stubbs believes strong AI governance could become an important indicator of long-term success. Drawing comparisons with previous technology disruptions, she argues that companies that can adapt their business models, embrace change and govern emerging technologies effectively may be better positioned to create sustainable shareholder value.
⚠️ The report also challenges the common assumption that "human in the loop" oversight is enough to manage AI risks. While human review remains important, there is a growing risk that employees become overly reliant on AI-generated outputs. Boards may eventually need additional layers of monitoring and control to manage potential errors, compliance issues and unintended consequences. Meanwhile, the growing use of unauthorised AI tools by employees, sometimes referred to as "shadow AI", presents another governance challenge for organisations seeking to protect intellectual property and manage operational risk.
Ultimately, the research suggests that investors should view AI governance as more than a compliance exercise. A board's ability to oversee AI effectively may provide valuable insights into whether a company can adapt, compete and thrive in a rapidly changing business environment.
💡 Why it matters:
Artificial intelligence is reshaping industries, workforces and business models at an unprecedented pace. While much of the public discussion focuses on productivity gains and innovation, investors are increasingly concerned with governance, accountability and risk management. Companies that can successfully balance AI opportunity with strong oversight may be better positioned to create long-term value, while those that fail to establish appropriate guardrails risk operational, reputational and strategic setbacks.
🎙️ Sources:
• Sue Lyn Stubbs, associate director, sustainable investing, Fidelity International
• Michelle Baltazar, executive director of media, FS Sustainability
⏱️ Timestamps:
00:00 – Why AI governance matters for investors
02:05 – Researching AI adoption across 31 ASX companies
04:59 – Understanding AI maturity and Stage Zero
07:33 – Red flags and governance gaps
11:39 – Examples of emerging best practice
15:25 – Linking AI governance to long-term value creation
17:51 – Why "human in the loop" may not be enough
19:50 – The risks of shadow AI
21:25 – What boards should focus on next

Link: Insights from Fidelity International’s 2025 Australian AGM season AI governance survey

🌿 We record on Gadigal Land and we pay our respects to the traditional custodians of country and elders past and present.

This podcast uses the following third-party services for analysis:

OP3 - https://op3.dev/privacy

Can responsible investors justify defence exposure?

Question:
Can investors responsibly invest in defence companies while managing ESG risks, and where should they draw the line?
Answer:
Defence investing has become increasingly relevant as global conflict and government spending rise, but it remains complex for ESG-focused investors. According to Jess Cairns, head of responsible investment at Alphinity, the key is not blanket avoidance but having a clear, practical framework that balances responsible investing with investment opportunity.
Most investors already apply strict exclusions to controversial weapons (such as nuclear or banned weapons), often at a zero-revenue threshold. However, beyond that, there is significant variation across the industry, especially when it comes to conventional weapons and indirect exposure.
A major challenge is “dual-use” companies. Many industrial and technology firms produce components that can be used in both civilian and military applications, making it difficult to clearly classify exposure. Cairns notes that even small, generic components can end up in weapons systems, making traditional dual-use vs single-use distinctions unreliable in practice.
Instead, Alphinity’s approach is to:
• Apply a hard exclusion to companies directly manufacturing weapons.
• Allow some indirect exposure (e.g. components or services), but with strict limits.
• Use enhanced due diligence to assess how products are used, who they are sold to, and whether there are risks linked to conflict zones or human rights issues.
This due diligence includes analysing end markets, government contracts, sanctions compliance, and any controversies linked to misuse. For example, a company with a small portion of revenue tied indirectly to defence (around 5% in one case discussed) may still be investable if risks are well understood and managed.
However, the hardest decisions arise when companies are linked to active conflicts. Even minimal revenue exposure can create significant ethical and reputational concerns. In some cases, companies have limited control over how their products are ultimately used, forcing investors to weigh financial materiality against potential human rights implications.
Ultimately, responsible defence investing is about clarity and consistency, not perfection. Investors can participate in the sector, but only if they set clear boundaries, apply rigorous analysis, and remain accountable to stakeholders.
Why it matters:
Defence is no longer a niche or easily excluded sector, it’s becoming a meaningful driver of returns in global markets. At the same time, it carries significant ESG risks, particularly around human rights and conflict exposure. Investors who fail to define their approach may either miss opportunities or take unintended risks. A clear framework helps balance performance with responsibility and builds trust with clients and stakeholders.
Sources:
• Jess Cairns, head of responsible investment, Alphinity
• Michelle Baltazar, executive director of media, FS Sustainability
Timestamps:
00:00 – Why defence investing is back on the agenda
01:19 – How investors began reassessing the sector
02:45 – Mapping exposure and company disclosures
04:50 – Why dual-use classifications break down
07:14 – Building a practical investment framework
11:44 – Balancing risk and return
14:34 – Real-world ethical dilemmas and case studies
18:30 – Key insights from the responsible investment report
We record on Gadigal Land and we pay our respects to the traditional custodians of country and elders past and present.
https://www.fssustainability.com.au/

This podcast uses the following third-party services for analysis:

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Portfolio poison: How ignoring modern slavery risks your returns

Question:
Why does modern slavery persist despite Australia’s Modern Slavery Act, and what practical steps can investors and fund managers take to drive real change beyond compliance?
Answer:
Modern slavery remains a global issue, with an estimated 50 million people affected. Australia’s Modern Slavery Act has increased awareness but hasn’t yet reduced incidents. According to Måns Carlsson, OAM, head of ESG at Ausbil Active Sustainable Equity, the key is moving beyond a “compliance mindset” to genuine leadership. This means harmonising laws internationally, adopting human rights due diligence (not just reporting), and using investor influence for practical engagement with companies.
Investors can’t guarantee portfolios are free from modern slavery risk, but they can:
• Incentivise suppliers to meet responsible sourcing standards, focusing on deeper supply chain tiers (not just tier one).
• Use tools like worker voice technology for real-time feedback, rather than relying solely on annual audits.
• Collaborate with other investors and advocate for stronger, harmonised laws (e.g., import bans on goods made with forced labour).
• Support companies to improve, rewarding progress rather than demanding perfection.
The real power lies in ongoing, practical engagement and policy advocacy, not just risk assessments or box-ticking.
Why it matters:
Modern slavery is not just a legal or ethical issue—it’s a material risk for companies and investors. Reputational damage (as seen with Boohoo in the UK) can hit share prices hard and fast. As global regulation tightens, companies that fail to act may find their goods blocked from key markets. For investors, supporting companies to improve standards helps reduce risk, avoid negative surprises, and contribute to positive change.
Sources:
• Måns Carlsson, head of ESG, Ausbil Active Sustainable Equity
• Michelle Baltazar, executive director of media, FS Sustainability
• RIAA Human Rights Working Group toolkits
Timestamps:
00:00 – Why modern slavery persists; need for global collaboration
02:01 – Investor relevance: reputational risk, earnings sustainability
05:51 – Harmonisation, human rights due diligence, import bans
08:40 – Practical steps: engagement, worker voice tools, supplier incentives
13:19 – Responsible purchasing and unintended consequences
16:40 – Monitoring deeper supply chain tiers
18:32 – Accountability and ongoing engagement
20:54 – ESG, risk management, and performance

We record on Gadigal Land and we pay our respects to the traditional custodians of country and elders past and present.
https://www.fssustainability.com.au/

This podcast uses the following third-party services for analysis:

OP3 - https://op3.dev/privacy

Is Your Portfolio Missing Out? The Green Bond Boom Explained

Question:
How have green bonds evolved, what risks and opportunities do they present for investors, and what are the biggest misconceptions about this asset class?

Answer:
Green bonds have grown into a US $2 trillion global market, with Europe leading but APAC and emerging markets catching up. According to Johann Ple, senior portfolio manager at BNP Paribas Asset Management, green bonds now offer broad sector diversification and transparency, making them a credible alternative to conventional bonds. Risks are similar to traditional bonds (interest rates, credit spreads), but greenwashing and sector concentration require careful due diligence. Misconceptions about lower returns (“greenium”) are fading, and green bonds are increasingly viable for all investors, not just those focused on sustainability. Australian super funds and institutional investors can now build custom strategies, aligning portfolios with net zero ambitions without sacrificing performance.

Why it matters:
For investors, green bonds represent a way to combine positive environmental impact with competitive returns and transparency. The asset class is mature enough for custom strategies, with over 800 issuers and broad sector representation. Understanding the risks and debunking myths is crucial for informed allocation, especially as demand grows in Australia and globally.

Sources:
• Johann Ple, senior portfolio manager, BNP Paribas Asset Management
• Michelle Baltazar, executive director of media, FS Sustainability
• Responsible Investing Association Australia
• EU Green Bond Standards, APAC market data

Timestamps:
00:00 US as a missed opportunity for green bonds
02:07 Market size: $2 trillion, Europe dominates, APAC and emerging markets rising
03:50 Sector diversification: utilities, banks, real estate, transport, telecom
06:54 Risks: conventional bond risks, greenwashing, sector concentration
09:00 Greenwashing: issuer and project due diligence
11:25 Australia’s role: investor and issuer, custom strategies for super funds
13:03 Misconceptions: returns, “greenium”, ESG backlash
16:54 Growth drivers: APAC, emerging markets, not just Europe

We record on Gadigal land and pay our respects to the traditional custodians of country and elders past and present.
https://www.fssustainability.com.au/

This podcast uses the following third-party services for analysis:

OP3 - https://op3.dev/privacy