The Rigvedas

• The Rigveda || Mandal 1 || Sutra 121 || English Podcast

  Most Important Facts/Ideas:The core message is a prescriptive model for leadership, using Indra as the archetype.The ideal ruler is a protector, provider, and upholder of justice and knowledge."Yajna," understood as selfless action, cooperation, and creation, is a guiding principle for both the divine and human realms.The ruler is responsible for the material and ethical well-being of the people and the defence of the social order.The text suggests that the qualities of Indra can also be embodied by the individual soul.Conclusion:The excerpt from Rigveda Mandala 1/Sukta 121 provides a rich and multifaceted vision of ideal leadership, drawing heavily on the symbolic power of Indra. It emphasizes the ruler's active role in protecting, nourishing, and guiding society towards prosperity, justice, and enlightenment. The verses highlight the importance of ethical conduct, resourcefulness, and the ability to overcome challenges, all framed within the broader concept of "yajna" as a principle of positive action and cooperation. This ancient text offers timeless insights into the qualities and responsibilities of those in positions of power.

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• The Rigveda || Mandal 1 || Sutra 120 || English Podcast

  Main Themes and Key Ideas:The central themes explored in these verses revolve around the invocation of the Ashvins and the human desire for their favour and guidance. Several key ideas are prominent:The Need for Knowledge and Intelligence to Invoke the Ashvins: The opening verse immediately poses a question about who can effectively rouse the Ashvins. It explicitly states the limitation of the ignorant and unintelligent in achieving this. This establishes a prerequisite for fruitful interaction with these deities.Quote: "What call, Ashvins, leaders and commanders, would rouse you to action and victory? Who could, if he were ignorant and unintelligent, lead you to victory and win your pleasure, and how? (None of the ignorant and unintelligent.)" (Verse 1)The Ashvins as Guides for Both Ignorant and Learned: Despite the initial emphasis on intelligence, the text clarifies that both the ignorant and the learned can seek guidance from the Ashvins, albeit for different reasons. The ignorant seek direction for progress, while the learned seek further advancement. Crucially, even those in a state of doubt or inaction should seek their help.Quote: "Let the ignorant man and the imperceptive unintelligent person ask the Ashvins, men of intelligence and wisdom, the way forward for progress. Similarly another, the intelligent and the learned person too in his own way should ask the way forward for further advancement. In any case, let them ask the way out and onward for the sake of the man who would otherwise stand still doing nothing, in the state of doubt and inaction." (Verse 2)The Ashvins as Harbingers of Light, Knowledge, and Teachers: The supplicants repeatedly address the Ashvins as bringers of light, knowledge, and universal teachers. They are invoked to reveal desired knowledge and provide guidance on the path forward for humanity.Quote: "The same, Ashvins, harbingers of light and knowledge, we invoke. Both, we pray, universal teachers and benefactors, reveal to us the knowledge wanted and loved at heart today here and now. Invoking, yearning to join you and the knowledge earnestly desired, praying for sympathy and grace, may this humanity look up to you for guidance on the way forward." (Verse 3)Quote: "Ashvins, harbingers of light and knowledge, that voice which rings like the resounding proclamation of the brilliant visionary, by which the scholar does homage and reverence to you, the same voice and word, we pray, may the teacher speak to us like a scholar in search of food, energy and light for all of us." (Verse 5)The Ashvins Possess Mysterious Knowledge and are to be Revered: The text highlights the Ashvins' understanding of complex matters, described as the "mysterious knowledge of analysis, integration and formulaic structure and formation of things in creation and science." They are seen as "brilliant veterans" and are due homage and reverence.Quote: "Ashvins, generous givers, and destroyers of want and ignorance, I ask you questions about the mysterious knowledge of analysis, integration and formulaic structure and formation of things in creation and science, brilliant veterans, dynamic and tolerant as well as enduring as you are, both scholars and teachers. May we offer you homage and reverence, and may you, we pray, guide and protect us." (Verse 4)

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• The Rigveda || Mandal 1 || Sutra 119 || English Podcast

  Key Themes and Ideas:The core of this Sukta revolves around the invocation and praise of the Ashvins, portraying them as powerful and benevolent beings who actively intervene in the lives of humans to provide aid and facilitate progress. The main themes and ideas explored are:Ashvins as Facilitators of Long Life and Success: The very title of the excerpt sets the stage, and the initial invocation explicitly states the desire for "a long life and full living and for the desired aim of life." The Ashvins are called upon to grant these fundamental human aspirations.The Marvellous Chariot: The Ashvins' chariot is a central and recurring motif, described in detail as a vehicle of divine power and efficiency. It is depicted as "wonderfully made, quick as mind, drawn by swift horses, a vehicle for yajnic action." This chariot symbolises not only their speed and mobility but also their connection to righteous action and progress. The description evolves, highlighting its capacity for "heavenly ride for this existential journey" and being a "very home and treasure of divine bliss."Divine Intervention and Protection: A significant portion of the Sukta focuses on the Ashvins' role as protectors and rescuers. They are invoked to deliver individuals from various forms of adversity and suffering. This is exemplified in phrases like:"Accordingly protections and paths of progress open and expand.""You rescue the man of faith and prayer from all round oppression and relieve the thrice free man from blazing heat with the cool of snow."They are called upon to "take a powerful force to the protector and defender of the nation gone to a state of isolation, rescue him and carry him home."Their protection is described as "blessed and brilliant... wonderful and cherished, and instant and close at hand."Support for the Wise and Righteous: The Ashvins are shown to have a particular affinity for those who embody wisdom, righteousness, and contribute to society. They are described as assisting "the noblest hero of valour and wisdom" and supporting "the giver of light and knowledge, who is a servant of heaven." They also "reinvigorate the noble reverend scholar stricken with age and adversity," comparing this to repairing a chariot.Connection to Enlightenment and Divine Wisdom: The Sukta links the Ashvins to the attainment of knowledge and enlightenment. The invocation of the "bright and beaming maiden of the morning, the dawn, victorious over the dark," who opts to join the Ashvins, symbolises the dispelling of ignorance and the arrival of light. The narrative of Dadhicha seeking knowledge and proclaiming the "Word of cherished wisdom and enlightenment" under the Ashvins' influence further reinforces this theme.Mastery over Nature's Energy and Innovation: The Ashvins are referred to as "masters of nature’s energy." This is explicitly demonstrated in their ability to provide a "brilliant mode of transport, communication and defence superfast as light," which can challenge any enemy. This highlights their association with harnessing natural forces for the benefit of humanity.Generosity and Benevolence: Repeatedly, the Ashvins are described as "brave and generous heroes." Their actions are driven by a desire to help and support, from providing wealth ("giver of a hundred kinds of wealth") to offering rest and security.

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• The Rigveda || Mandal 1 || Sutra 118 || English Podcast

  Key Personnel/Entities:Ashvins: The primary deities addressed. Described as "masters of nature’s energy and natural resources," "masters of engineering," "harbingers of life and joy," "destroyers of anti-life forces," "powers of nature’s divinity and humanity," "high-priests of truth and life’s joy," "leading lights of humanity," "generous as rain showers of new life," "brave destroyers of evil," "powers of intelligence and light of knowledge," "loved and admired of all," "springs and harbingers of nature’s eternal power and energy."Kakshivan Dairghatamasa Aushija: The Rshi (seer) associated with the Sukta.Chariot: A central symbol of the Ashvins' movement and power. Described as "flying as the eagle, luxuriously comfortable, automotive," "faster than the mind of man," "three staged and tempestuous in power as the wind," "three-staged, triple—structured, three wheeled, thrice sophisticated," "fastest sophisticated," "of universal wealth."Lovely maiden, loving daughter of the sun: An entity who rides the Ashvins' chariot.Horses: Described as "fiery of body, radiating like sunbeams and flying like birds," "eagle-like motive powers fast as sunbeams."The invoking party: Described as "nādhamānā ḥ" (in need), seeking "protection and advancement," "freedom and prosperity."Main Themes & Ideas:The Ashvins as Powerful and Swift Deliverers: A dominant theme is the invocation of the Ashvins to arrive quickly and effectively. Their chariot is consistently described with attributes of speed, sophistication, and power (e.g., "faster than the mind of man," "flying as the eagle," "tempestuous in power as the wind," "fastest sophisticated"). This highlights their role as deities who can traverse vast distances rapidly to intervene.Quote (Sukta 1): "Ashvins, masters of nature’s energy and natural resources, let your chariot flying as the eagle, luxuriously comfortable, automotive, come here, chariot faster than the mind of man, three staged and tempestuous in power as the wind."Quote (Sukta 4): "Ashvins, powers of nature’s divinity and humanity... may the eagle-like motive powers fast as sunbeams yoked to your chariot drive you hither..."Quote (Sukta 11): "Ashvins, highpriests of truth and reality... come by the speed and force of the eagle new and ever new with constant love."Summary:Mandala 1/Sukta 118 is a powerful invocation of the Ashvins, highlighting their role as swift, benevolent, and multifaceted deities. The central image of their sophisticated chariot symbolises their ability to bring rapid advancement, restoration, and prosperity. The text underscores the human need for divine assistance and the effectiveness of prayer and offering in seeking the Ashvins' favour for protection and well-being across various aspects of life. The Ashvins are presented as not only powerful forces of nature and technology but also compassionate saviours who intervene in times of need.

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• The Rigveda || Mandal 1 || Sutra 117 || English Podcast

  Key Themes:The Nature and Role of the Ashvins: The primary theme is the benevolent and active role of the Ashvins as divine twin deities. They are consistently depicted as powerful, generous, and swift in their actions, intervening to aid and benefit humanity.Healing, Rejuvenation, and Restoration: A dominant theme is the Ashvins' ability to heal, restore, and rejuvenate. This is shown through specific examples of them bringing people back to health or youth.Protection and Rescue: The Ashvins are portrayed as protectors and rescuers, saving individuals and groups from danger, suffering, and darkness.Bestowal of Gifts and Prosperity: The Ashvins are seen as givers of various boons, including health, joy, peace, prosperity, knowledge, energy, and even material wealth.Association with Light, Speed, and Knowledge: They are linked with concepts of light, swift movement (often via their chariot), and the promotion of knowledge and truth.Most Important Ideas/Facts and Supporting Quotes:The Ashvins as Benevolent and Responsive Deities: The text frequently highlights the Ashvins' willingness to respond to invocations and provide aid."Ashvins, lovers and defenders of truth, givers of health and joy, the veteran yajaka, high-priest of knowledge, invokes you for the honey sweets of soma’s joy for the health and ecstasy of living." (Sukta 1, lines 1-2)The repeated invocation of the Ashvins across the verses reinforces this point.Their Swiftness and Accessibility via Chariot: Their chariot is a key motif, symbolising their rapid movement and ability to reach those who call upon them."Ashvins, leaders of the people, faster than thought is your chariot which reaches the people with you. Wondrously made it is, drawn by horses fast as sun beams and lightning, by which you go home to the man of noble deeds. Riding that same chariot come home for us too (and bless us with light and speed)." (Sukta 2)"transport it without trouble by the chariot meticulously driven at the speed of thought for the good of all." (Sukta 15)Rescue from Suffering and Darkness: The Ashvins are credited with rescuing individuals from dire situations, including imprisonment and darkness.They "save Atri, visionary scholar free from the three bonds of physical, mental and spiritual ailments... and you deliver him along with his band of teachers and scholars from the evil of prison in utter darkness, against the light of reason, knowledge and rectitude..." (Sukta 3)They redeem Rebha, an eminent scholar, who is "obscured among the lesser stars and kept back, by manipulators of evil design, straying around lost like a horse in the jungle." (Sukta 4)Summary:The Atharvaveda's Mandala 1/Sukta 117 presents the Ashvins as highly benevolent and powerful twin deities. They are celebrated for their swift intervention to heal, rescue, and rejuvenate both individuals and society. Their actions range from restoring sight and youth to inspiring knowledge, providing prosperity, and defending against evil. They are invoked as givers of light, life, energy, and wisdom, essential for the well-being and advancement of humanity. The verses emphasise their accessibility, their unwavering commitment to aiding those in need, and the lasting positive impact of their deeds.

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