In Pursuit of Development

What does it mean to defend hope in an age of crisis, anxiety, and political exhaustion? In this Season 6 finale of In Pursuit of Development, Dan Banik reflects on why hope is not the same as optimism, and why evidence-based hope may be one of the most important political resources of our time.

Drawing on debates about global poverty, democracy, climate anxiety, development practice, and collective action, this solo reflection challenges the seductive power of despair. The episode argues that doom is not only emotionally draining, but politically disabling, because it can convince people that action no longer matters. Against both naïve optimism and fatalistic pessimism, Dan makes the case for a disciplined form of hope grounded in evidence, historical progress, institutional realism, and the everyday work of building better futures.

The episode also explores why hope must be treated critically. Hope can inspire movements, sustain democratic struggle, and help communities imagine alternatives. But it can also be misused by those in power to postpone justice, ration expectations, or ask vulnerable people to endure indefinitely. The task, then, is not to abandon hope, but to make it accountable to evidence, delivery, and real improvements in people’s lives.

From falling extreme poverty and declining child mortality to the limits of today’s development models, from Paulo Freire and Václav Havel to Arjun Appadurai, Rebecca Solnit, Amartya Sen, Hans Rosling, Hannah Ritchie, and Charles Kenny, this episode asks what kind of hope can survive contact with reality. It closes Season 6 with a plea to younger listeners in particular: resist the politics of despair, look carefully at what is working, and remember that the future remains open.

Host:
Professor Dan Banik,
Centre for Global Sustainability, University of Oslo
Subscribe:
Apple Spotify YouTube
https://globaldevpod.substack.com/

As traditional aid budgets shrink and donor priorities shift, civil society organizations across Malawi are being forced to rethink how they work, survive, and serve communities. In this conversation, Dan Banik speaks with Tikhala Itaye, a human rights lawyer and public health specialist, and the Founder and Executive Director of HeR Liberty, a young women-led organization in Malawi working to advance health, education, and economic empowerment for young people, especially adolescent girls and young women.

The episode explores the changing relationship between international NGOs, local civil society organizations, and the Malawian state. Tikhala reflects on the long-standing inequalities in the aid system, where local organizations often do much of the frontline work while receiving only a small share of available funding. She and Dan also discuss how civil society groups are responding to cuts by exploring social entrepreneurship, domestic resource mobilization, coalition-building, and new partnerships with government.

The conversation highlights Malawi’s broader development challenges, including rising prices, political uncertainty, gender inequality, youth unemployment, and the urgent need for more accountable leadership. At the same time, Tikhala points to sources of hope: community resilience, local innovation, the strength of women’s rights movements, progress in health, and the growing determination among Malawians to design solutions from within.

Host:
Professor Dan Banik,
Centre for Global Sustainability, University of Oslo
Subscribe:
Apple Spotify YouTube
https://globaldevpod.substack.com/

Rwanda is often described as one of Africa’s most remarkable development success stories: a country that rebuilt itself after the 1994 genocide, delivered impressive improvements in health and education, reduced its dependence on coffee, attracted global attention, and turned Kigali into a symbol of order, ambition, and state effectiveness.

But is Rwanda’s rise as durable as it appears?

Dan Banik speaks with Pritish Behuria (Associate Professor in Politics, Governance and Development at the University of Manchester’s Global Development Institute) about his new book The Political Economy of Rwanda’s Rise. Drawing on more than a decade of research, Behuria offers a nuanced account of Rwanda’s services-led development model — from tourism, finance, conferences, and nation branding to agriculture, mining, foreign investment, and the politics of structural transformation.

The conversation explores why Rwanda has become such a powerful reference point for policymakers across Africa, but also why its model raises difficult questions about underemployment, inequality, domestic firms, foreign dependence, political control, and the limits of branding as a development strategy.

Rather than treating Rwanda as either a miracle or a mirage, this episode asks what the country’s experience reveals about the future of development in Africa. And whether a small, landlocked country can build lasting prosperity through a services-first path in an increasingly competitive global economy.

Host:
Professor Dan Banik,
Centre for Global Sustainability, University of Oslo
Subscribe:
Apple Spotify YouTube
https://globaldevpod.substack.com/

In this solo episode, Dan Banik reflects on a series of recent conversations across Pretoria, Addis Ababa, Blantyre, and Mauritius, where African scholars, policymakers, civil society leaders, NGO directors, administrators, and practitioners debated the future of development in a rapidly changing world.

Against a backdrop of dramatic aid cuts, geopolitical fragmentation, climate pressures, and growing interest in artificial intelligence, the episode asks what African agency really means in practice. Rather than treating the current moment simply as a crisis, many participants described it as a wake-up call: an opportunity to rethink aid dependency, strengthen domestic institutions, mobilize local resources, and move beyond donor-driven agendas.

The discussion explores several recurring themes: who defines development, whose knowledge counts, what makes a just energy transition genuinely just, why “homegrown solutions” can be both powerful and problematic, and how African countries can shape the use of AI without accepting new forms of technological dependency. From Malawi’s debates on aid and production to Ethiopia’s reflections on a changing international order, from South Africa’s energy transition to Mauritius’s AI ambitions, the episode highlights the urgency of moving from rhetoric to bargaining power.

At its core, this is an episode about voice, power, and direction. The crossroads may indeed be the best road. But only if Africans choose the path, set the terms, and ensure that development delivers what citizens actually want: decent jobs, reliable electricity, functioning schools and clinics, and governments that are accountable to the people they serve.

Host:
Professor Dan Banik,
Centre for Global Sustainability, University of Oslo
Subscribe:
Apple Spotify YouTube
https://globaldevpod.substack.com/

Corruption is often imagined as a bribe paid to speed up a permit, avoid a fine, or gain access to a public service. But some of the most damaging forms of corruption operate at a much higher level, where powerful political and business actors reshape the rules of the game itself. This is the world of state capture: a process through which public institutions are bent away from the public interest and made to serve narrow networks of power, privilege, and private gain.

Dan Banik speaks with Elizabeth Dávid-Barrett, Professor of Governance and Integrity and Director of the Centre for the Study of Corruption at the University of Sussex, about why state capture is one of the most serious threats to democracy, development, and public trust today. Drawing on cases from all around the world, they discuss how corruption can move from isolated transactions to systemic control over laws, public procurement, courts, banks, media, tax authorities, and accountability institutions.

The conversation explores how state capture differs from petty corruption, why democracies are vulnerable to being hollowed out from within, and how powerful actors use strategically divisive narratives to consolidate support. Liz explains why captured systems reward loyalty over merit, connections over competence, and impunity over accountability — with severe consequences for economic growth, inequality, public services, and citizen confidence.

Resources

State Capture and Inequality

State Capture and Development: A conceptual framework

State capture: how democracy can be systematically corrupted

Madagascar at a crossroads: breaking the cycle of state capture

Does state capture facilitate strategic corruption?

The political economy of open contracting reforms in low- and middle-income countries

The GI ACE program (with policy-relevant evidence on what works in fighting corruption).

Host:
Professor Dan Banik,
Centre for Global Sustainability, University of Oslo
Subscribe:
Apple Spotify YouTube
https://globaldevpod.substack.com/