Critically Speaking

Have you ever wondered how trolls, bots, and paid influencers are quietly manipulating what you see online and why even smart, skeptical people fall for it? Today, disinformation expert Dr. Darren Linvill pulls back the curtain on the tactics that bad actors are using to try and shape our beliefs. 
 
In this episode, Therese Markow and Dr. Darren Linvill discuss the various forms of digital deception and the strategies used by state actors to manipulate global discourse. Dr. Linvill distinguishes between misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation and gives examples of each, including tactics used by different international organizations from Iran, China, Israel, North Korea, and others. He also discusses the psychological impact that this disinformation has on humanity. 
 
 Key Takeaways:
Fraud is the oldest form of disinformation, and it's rampant across social media. It's a multi-billion-dollar industry. 

The main way that AI is being used right now to disseminate false information, disinformation, whether it's fraud or political disinformation, is the scale at which this content is created. 

Sometimes there is not enough information to attribute disinformation accounts to a specific person or group. Sometimes it can be traced either through the content being posted or similar information on other websites. 

At the end of the day, people will believe what they want to believe, regardless of whether it is true or has been fact-checked as false. 

 
"At the end of the day, all of us humans are emotional animals. And we are interpreting the world around us, including the information we find on social media, through an emotional lens, especially when it comes to the communities that we're a part of, and our emotional attachments to those communities and our emotional needs that we derive from those communities, that absolutely affects the lens through which we interpret information." —  Dr. Darren Linvill
 
Episode References: 
Clemson University Media Forensics Hub: Spot the Troll - https://spotthetroll.org/ 

 
Connect with Dr. Darren Linvill:
Professional Bio: https://www.clemson.edu/cbshs/about/profiles/darrenl 
Twitter: https://x.com/DarrenLinvill?lang=en  
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/darren-linvill-6673655b 
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=gQl4PlQAAAAJ&hl=en 
 
Connect with Therese:
Website:  www.criticallyspeaking.net
Bluesky: @CriticallySpeaking.bsky.social
Instagram: @criticallyspeakingpodcast
Email: theresemarkow@criticallyspeaking.net
 
Audio production by Turnkey Podcast Productions. You're the expert. Your podcast will prove it.

Drowning in wellness hype, viral "experts," and five-star opinions that feel more real than facts? In this episode, law and public health scholar Timothy Caulfield exposes the certainty illusion — how "scienceploitation", predatory journals, and weaponized opinions quietly shape what we believe about our health.
 
Today, Therese Markow and Timothy Caulfield discuss Tim's latest book, break down the misinformation drivers that are contributing to the delegitimization of scientific expertise, and the three illusions that are being used to distort public perception. From influencers and celebrities to predatory journals and politicians, it feels like "experts" are constantly bombarding us with information, but how do we know what is true? Listen in to find out more. 
 
Key Takeaways:
So many of the misconceptions about health and science are now closely tethered to political ideological positions. 

Influencers are having a greater impact on beliefs around health than ever before. For example, the sale of Ivermectin spiked after a Joe Rogan conversation with Mel Gibson.

Be aware of products and studies that are using scienceploitation and publishing in predatory journals. While they may look legitimate, they often do not have proper science behind the claim. 

Most health halos- words like "organic" or "natural" or, now, "protein" do not necessarily make the food or product healthy. But it does often convince people to buy. 

 
"Your personal identity, your personal community has just a tremendous impact. So if you can manipulate those opinions, you can manipulate people's perceptions, their beliefs, and maybe even their actions." —  Timothy Caulfield
 
Episode References: 
The Certainty Illusion: What You Don't Know and Why It Matters: https://www.amazon.com/dp/0735245886 

Harder, Better, Faster, Stronger Documentary: https://gem.cbc.ca/harder-better-faster-stronger 

What is the manosphere? I went inside to find out: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJzHZFv-Ezg 

 
Connect with Timothy Caulfield:
Professional Bio: https://www.ualberta.ca/en/law/research/health-law-institute/people/timothycaulfield.html 
Threads: threads.net/@caulfieldtim 
Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/caulfieldtim.bsky.social 
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/caulfieldtim/ 
X: https://twitter.com/CaulfieldTim   
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/timothy.caulfield.792 
Books: https://www.penguinrandomhouse.ca/authors/255688/timothy-caulfield 
 
Connect with Therese:
Website:  www.criticallyspeaking.net
Bluesky: @CriticallySpeaking.bsky.social
Instagram: @criticallyspeakingpodcast
Email: theresemarkow@criticallyspeaking.net
   
Audio production by Turnkey Podcast Productions. You're the expert. Your podcast will prove it.

The last few decades have seen a continuing rise in really serious and often fatal health problems. The list is long: cancer, heart disease, diabetes, infertility, autoimmune diseases, and autism, just to name a few. While vulnerability to disease often has an underlying genetic predisposition, there have to be environmental triggers to set these diseases in motion. In this episode, Therese Markow and Dr. Aly Cohen discuss just these topics and what we can look for on a daily basis, as well as the small changes that we can, individually, do to make our lives a little healthier. 
 
 Key Takeaways:
It's estimated there are about 95,000 chemicals available on the US market for everything we use from cleaning products, makeup, and everything we use.

The US has only banned 5 chemicals since 1976. European countries have banned around 1200, on average.

There are resources out there to help you to vet the products you are using in your life, such as The Environmental Working Group and Skin Deep Database.

 
"The goal is less is more - use fewer products, the products that you use, if you want to use them, just vet them." —  Dr. Aly Cohen
 
Connect with Dr. Aly Cohen:
Website: https://thesmarthuman.com/ 
TED Talk: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HSCeP0hyuTI 
Show: https://thesmarthuman.com/podcast/ 
Twitter: https://twitter.com/TheSmartHuman 
Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/profile.php?id=61574591840716
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCb6NhglVIu6ruM19QNhpJDw 
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/aly-cohen-md-facr-0b570749/ 
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thesmarthuman/ 
Book: https://thesmarthuman.com/dr-aly-cohen-and-dr-fred-vom-saals-new-book-available-now/ 
 
Connect with Therese:
Website:  www.criticallyspeaking.net
Bluesky: @CriticallySpeaking.bsky.social
Instagram: @criticallyspeakingpodcast
Email: theresemarkow@criticallyspeaking.net
 
Audio production by Turnkey Podcast Productions. You're the expert. Your podcast will prove it.

Have you or someone you loved considered taking antidepressants for mental health, but had concerns? Listen in as Dr. Andrew Novick talks about the research and the science behind these drugs and other options for those struggling with MDD and other mental health concerns. 
 
In this episode, Therese Markow and Dr. Andrew Novick discuss major depressive disorder (MDD) and its treatment options. Dr. Novick explains the key characteristics of MDD and discusses some of the many treatment options, which include psychotherapy, particularly cognitive-behavioral therapy, and pharmacological interventions like SSRIs. He highlights the effectiveness of esketamine for treatment-resistant MDD, and also addresses the controversy surrounding SSRIs and the potential of new treatments like psilocybin, noting ongoing research and regulatory challenges.
 
 Key Takeaways:
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) can begin in childhood, but can often show up as irritability rather than other traditional depressive symptoms that we would see in adults. It's also more common to see it manifest during puberty, rather than before.

Treating MDD does not require starting with psychotherapy. Medication can help more immediately, especially because there is an obstacle to accessible therapy for a lot of people. It can also be a tool used in tandem with therapy. 

While there are no blood tests or simple diagnostic tests to see if you have depression, like with an infectious disease model, there are some brain scans that can show signs of depression, especially across wide populations of individuals. 

There is no one gene that is associated with MDD. However, through research, many different genes have been identified, often related to brain function and stress response. 

 
"If depression goes untreated, the most awful consequence of that is potential suicide." —  Dr. Andrew Novick

 
Connect with Dr. Andrew Novick:
Professional Bio: https://som.cuanschutz.edu/Profiles/Faculty/Profile/29109 
ResearchGate:  https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Andrew-Novick 
LinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/annovick 
 
Connect with Therese:
Website:  www.criticallyspeaking.net
Bluesky: @CriticallySpeaking.bsky.social
Instagram: @criticallyspeakingpodcast
Email: theresemarkow@criticallyspeaking.net
 
Audio production by Turnkey Podcast Productions. You're the expert. Your podcast will prove it.

From testosterone craze headlines to myths about prostate cancer, fertility, and aggression, men are getting a lot of confusing messages about their sexual health. Today, urologist and men's health expert Dr. Justin Dubin cuts through the noise with science-backed answers to the questions men are often too embarrassed to ask.
 
In this episode, Therese Markow and Dr. Justin Dubin discuss listener questions regarding men's sexual health. Dr. Dubin explains the nuances of testosterone levels, noting that normal ranges vary and can impact overall health. He highlights the importance of addressing low testosterone, which can lead to significant health issues, including all-cause mortality. He dives into the risks and benefits of testosterone replacement therapy, emphasizing the need for proper medical guidance. Additionally, Justin addresses the stigma around men's health, the role of direct-to-consumer testosterone sales, and the impact of prostate cancer treatments on sexual function. 
 
 Key Takeaways:
Health is not just about living longer; it should also be about living better. 

There are different forms of testosterone. The majority of it, about 98%, is bound to other proteins. Free testosterone is what can bind to your receptors.

There is really good data suggesting that men with low testosterone die at a younger age; they have a higher all-cause mortality. It's not just a mood; it's not just a sex thing. It is an overall marker for your health.

If you are interested in future fertility and you have low testosterone, do not take real testosterone replacement therapy; there are alternative options.

Before you go on any medication, you should know the risks and benefits of what you are thinking of taking.

 
"If I can stop making men think with their penises and start making them think about their penises, I think we can get a lot more guys healthier, a lot more guys happier, and a lot more guys doing the things that they want to be able to do inside and outside the bedroom." —  Dr. Justin Dubin

 
Episode References:
Guideline-Discordant Care Among Direct-to-Consumer Testosterone Therapy Platforms: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2799297 

 
Connect with Dr. Justin Dubin:
Professional Bio: https://baptisthealth.net/doctors/justin-dubin/5921802 
Website: https://www.themanuppod.com/ 
Man Up Podcast: https://open.spotify.com/show/1FkEhH04XdxruNg1xxsEdo 
YouTube: http://youtube.com/@themanuppod 
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/justin-dubin-m-d-9a9b7917/ 
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/justindubinmd/?hl=en 
Linktree: https://linktr.ee/JustinDubinMD 
 
Connect with Therese:
Website:  www.criticallyspeaking.net
Bluesky: @CriticallySpeaking.bsky.social
Instagram: @criticallyspeakingpodcast
Email: theresemarkow@criticallyspeaking.net
   
Audio production by Turnkey Podcast Productions. You're the expert. Your podcast will prove it.